The principles of infection Prevention and Control free essay sample

My roles and responsibilities in relation to the prevention and control of infection are firstly to myself then my colleagues then my employer, to my clients and then to any visitors. Iam responsible for taking action to prevent the spread of infection in accordance withlegislation and local and organisational policies and procedures I also have a personalmoral responsibility as a member of a caring society in profession there are many Wellsway infection control is important these include employees who work in communalliving environments employees who work with hazardous substances and employees his work activities may Expose them to infection. My legal responsibilities to working with individuals who may be vulnerable to infection aremy organisational responsibilities and my personal moral responsibility, My employers areresponsible for assessing the risks putting procedures in place insuring the procedures arefollowed ensuring that employees are appropriately trained in relation to infection controland making sure all employees are aware of the health and safety aspect of our work irresponsible for posting information on noticeboards, For keeping any information file suchas control of substances hazardous to health providing supervision keeping records andensuring that relevant standards policies and guidelines are available within the workplace. We will write a custom essay sample on The principles of infection Prevention and Control or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page My employer also hast to ensure that they adhere to the following regulations the healthand social care at 2001 the health and safety at work act and the control of substances hazardous to health regulations and the GS cc code of practice they also ensure that theissues with the correct PPE and then they allow for the correct disposable waste materials they make sure all of his employees are trained accordingly and the report all major Incidents to the HSE. Current legislation am regular Tory body standards which are relevant to the preventionand control of infection are the public-health control of diseases act 1980 4B says thatbasically it provides information on the legal requirement for the reporting of contagious or infectious diseases for example hepatitis HIV and legionella. The food safety act 1990 andis that applies to any area where food is prepared store. eaten control is required to ensurethat the race of any infection as a result of bad Hanningfield of fooduonnssnjsjeejeeoeoskwkskskkdkdksn minimised local and central government employeestaff to inspect premises without any advance notice the environmental health officers. There is the reporting injuries diseases and dangerous occurrents regulations Nolias R IDDO are 1995 and they said that the employer or manager in control of work premises as irresponsibility on the radar to report any work-related accidents or disease which result inserious injury or employing be a employee being off sick due to injury for more than threeworking days. There is the public-health infectious disease regulations 1998 whichdescribe the reporting systems and types of disease which must be reported datamanagement of health and safety at work regulations 1999 and this requires all staff to beprovided with adequate and appropriate training I set of working instructions demonstratingsafe working practices for work related activitys. There is the control assurance standards Hache SC 2002 2002 the standard provides a framework to control manage infection itprovides a timetable for senior managers and infection-control teams to work to thedocuments key action areas are to strengthen prevention and control of infection secureappropriate healthcare services the patients with infection to improve surveillance ofinfection and to monitor and optimise antimicrobial Prescribing. The medicines inhealthcare regular a Tory agency in this regular Tory body insures the medicines products available in the healthcare sector are safe to use the issue safety bulletins if they receivereports of faulty product or products which may be harmful to health it is the responsibility of the health care facility to report untoward incidence of products that are faulty to them. There is also the standards for better health 2006 the standards were published by theDepartment of health Im unachieved you important things first they were set out thefoundations for a common high quality of health care throughout the England second they will clarify what the NHS can do I should be reaching for it in its ambitions both the public and the people who work with in it. 2. 2 Attached 3. 1 Procedures and systems relevant to the prevention and control of infection are the healthand social care act 2001 the health and safety at work act,the control of substances hazardous to health regulations, the GSCC code of practice, the management of health atwork regulations, RIDDOR, control of disease act 1984, PPE regulations 1992, Hazardous waste regulations, N. I. C. E, work policy and procedure. The common occurrents and dire consequences of infectious disease outbreaks in nursinghomes often go on mechanised and on appreciated nevertheless these facilities providedan ideal environment that acquisition and spread of infection susceptible residents whoshare sources of N food water and healthcare in a crowded institutional setting moreover visitors staff and residents constantly comandantes bringing in pathogens from both thehospital and The community outbreaks of Westbury and gastrointestinal intestinal infectionpredominating the setting outraces skin himself to soft tissue infection and infections caused by anti-microbio resistance bacteria or so occur with some frequency. Nursinghomes provider acquisitor ingredients for outbreaks of infectious diseases as a rule only nursing home resident had multiple chronic diseases and functional impairment thatpredispose them to infection resident share sources of their food water and medical carewhich facilitates both the introduction and subsequent transmission asserting infectious agent Im on vulnerable residents Prolonged lengths of stay limited capacity is thediagnosis and ineffectual infection-control programs after our outbreaks to propagate andpersist for many months transfer of infected all colonise residents which is a commonobservance mates for outbreaks to all the facilities including hospitals and medical centres. The  frequency and outracing nursing homes is not known at a variety of data suggest thatthey are common outbreak reports to constitute one third of the infectious diseaseliterature animating from nursing homes the centres for disease control and preventionresponds with some regularity to request for assistance in ma naging outbreaks in thesetting publications from state health department also periodically a test to parents ofoutbreaks in nursing homes finally surveillance studys Of nursing homes haveoccasionally detected clusters of various infections.   Risk is a potential that are chosen action or activity including the choice of inaction lead toa loss and undesirable outcome the notion improviser to choice having an influence on theoutpull exist or existed potential losses themselves may also be called risks almost any human endeavour carry some risk was someone much more risky than others. Potential risks of infection within the workplace other first aid personnel and workers wemight be a risk of exposure to infectious disease or biological houses if we receive ascheme penetrating injury citizen needlestick injury if blood orebody substances come intocontact with broken skin open wounds add-on laugh or contaminated first aid equipment or materials are used infectious diseases which maybe transmitted by blood and somebody substances included hepatitis B hepatitis C and Human immunodeficiency virus HIV thevirus that causes AIDS. My workplace take a review of death birthday practices to removethe rest of infection exposure to biological houses regularly. Infection-control in theworkplace aims to prevent pathogens from coming into contact with the person in the firstplace employers are obliged under the Occupational Health Safety act 2004 to provide asafe workplace their employees including the provision of adequate infection controlprocedures and the right equipment and training. Infectious agents can be spreading thevariety of ways including airborne this is coughs or sneezers which release airbornepathogens which you then inhaled by others  contaminated objects or food the pathogens in a person cc baby spread to food or other objects in their hands dirty skin skiing contactthe transfer some pathogens can occur through touch by sharing personal items clothingor objects contact with body fluids pathogens in saliva, urine, Faeces or blood can bepassed to another persons body by courts or abrasions all through the mucus membranes of the mouth and eyes. The basis of good infection-control in the workplace is to assumethat everybody is potentially infectious proper procedure is have to be followed at all times every word they should have an appropriate first aid kit with at least one staff member trained in first aid equipment such as gloves down I goggles and faceshields should beprovided if necessary. Infection control procedure is relating to go personal hygieneinclude how moshing the spread of many pathogens can be prevented with regular handwashing you should thoroughly wash your hands with water and safe early 15seconds after visiting the toilet before preparing food and touching clients or equipment try your hands with disposable paper towels. Unbroken skin intact and healthy skin is a major barrier to pathogens any puts abrasions should be covered with a waterproof dressing. Loves webinars if you are handling body fluids are equipment containing bodily fluids if youare touching somebody else is broken skin mucous membrane or performing any other innovative procedure wash your hands between each client in use fresh most reach finewhen necessary personal items dont share cars clothing raisers toothbrushes shavers or other personal items. When preparing food you should wash your hands before and after handling to avoid touching your hair knows mouth teapot too hot and cold food called youseparate storage utensils and preparation services for Cox and uncooked foods wash allutensils and preparation services for a late of hot water and detergent after use. Infection- control procedures relating to cleanliness in the workplace include bakingly washing thefloors bathrooms and services such as tables and benchtop with hot water in detergentwash the walls and ceilings periodically mops brushes in class should be furrily washedand dried after every use Trimox in class is particularly important since many pathogens rely on my shooter five use disinfectants to clean up blood and overspills a bodily fluidwhen using disinfectants always wear gloves Cleaner surfaces before using thedisinfectant and always follow the manufacturers instructions exactly spot clean where necessary. To deal with spills of body fluids isolate their area Raygnoldes a plastic apronand I protection such as goggles soak up the fluid with disposable paper towels or cobaltous bellwether granular chlorine releasing agent for a minimum of 10 minutes to putthe granules and weights using a piece of cardboard or something similar and placing aplastic bag and dispose of appropriately. Makes one part bleach to temporise water andapplied to the area of the 10 minutes wash with hot water in detergent draggy areadispose of paper towelling loves appropriately wash your hands and mince any contaminated clothing in cold running water so Kimberly solution for half an hour thenwash separately from overclothing Warlingham with hot water in detergent. To dispose of infectious ways they have been contaminated with blood all over bodily fluid you shouldalways wear heavy-duty gloves place waste in a plastic bag SmartOne infectious waistand dispose of the waste in accordance with the EP a regulations infection controlprocedure is when handling needles and Aldershot contaminated objects include never attempt to read Or bend use needles handle by the barrel face inappropriate counterproofcontainer which is yellow and labelled Danger contaminated shops and marks for the black biohazard symbol if you come into contact with Lord orebody fluid you should push thearea with running water wash the area with plenty of warm or shall insert report theincident to the appropriate staff member record the incident via the disease injury near miss accident reporting procedure and seek medical advice If I need to get help I wouldget it from either my doctor my local councils health department the Occupational Health Safety officer at my workplace communicable disea se prevention and control unit at theDepartment of Health or WorkCover advisory service. 4. 3 The process of carrying out a risk assessment is to one identify the hazards to decide whomight be harmed in how three evaluate the risks and decide on the proportion 4 to recordall your findings and implement them at 5 to review your assessment and update if necessary. 4. 4 The law requires that my employer has to assess and manage health and safety in my workplace and in order to abide by the law part of the processes to carry out a risk assessment a risk assessment is an important step in protecting mark my fellow workers and the business as well as complying with the law help you focus on the desks that really matter in your workplace the ones with the potential to cause harm in many instances straightforward measures commensally control rest for example insuring splurges arecleaned up promptly so people do not slip. Risk assessment isnt careful examination of war in my workplace could cause harm to people so you can then whale whether or notyou are taking enough precautions or should do more to prevent harm workers and others have a right to be protected from harm caused by failure to take reasonable controlmeasures the law does not expect you to eliminate all less you are required to protectpeople as far as it as is reasonably practicable. 5. 2 Protective gloves are supplied to me in order to protect me against And being exposed togerms and bacteria to prevent germs and bacteria getting under my nails and to stopgerms and bacteria being transferred to my clothing. I use disposable protective aprons toprotect my clothing and stop germs and bacteria are being transferred to me if I use I wear goggles are using to protect my eyes against splashes and spills. I also use whatprotectors or shoe covers in order to stop bacteria and dirt getting on my shoes and toprotect my clients flooring. 5. 3 Personal protective equipment is used to protect both myself and the people I am givingcare it is important to insure the one Im using PPE is used correctly and for the purposes it was designed. 5. 4 Current relevant regulations and legislation relating to personal protective equipment arethe personal protective equipment at work regulations 2002 the management of health andsafety at work regulations 1999 under control of substances hazardous to healthregulations 2002. Employees responsibilities regarding the use of protective personal equipment is attendingtraining provided by the employer relating to how to use personal protective equipmentusing personal protective equipment in accordance with the training taking reasonablecare of all personal protective equipment provided by the employer returning personalprotective equipment to the correct storage accommodation provided for it after use andreporting to the employer any loss or obvious defect as soon as possible. 5. 6 Employers responsibilities regarding the use of personal protective equipment are toproperly assess the needs of personal protective equipment and assess personalprotective equipment before it is used to insure it is suitable this will involve identifyinghazardous hazard and it types of personal protective equipment that could be used for example locomotory fluid bashers are all hazards because there is a recipe substances could get into my eyes their personal protective equipment options available safety spectacles goggles advisors or faceshields. My employer provides free personal protectiveequipment all of his employees employers cannot ask employees to take a personalprotective equipment however if an employee and is not returning item of personalprotective equipment to the employer the employer can deduct the cost of replacing theequipment from any wages and providing misinformation has been McClary the contract ofemployment. 5. 7 Firstly I inspect my beloved packages the sign of contamination if there is any signs a ladiscard some of the signs might be watersports or moisture cares any other evidence ofdamage or contamination are always perform a hand wash I openness there are packageface about IDS by placing at your flat clean dryer service in the area where the gloves areto be worn appeal the Artabrackagh open completely to expose The inner package. I thenremoved in the package touching only the folded side of the rapper appositional packageso that the cofounders nearest to me I am told that in a package (245 position withouttouching the gods again expose both glossed I Glassel a la inside corners or designatedareas on the folder Apple generator site that touching the glass I put on the first book by grasping the Calthwaite the folder dad and remove it from the rattle one hand and stepaway from the table or try keeping the hands above the waist and insert my fingers of theother hand into the glove I them pull the glove on touching only the exposed surface of theinner glove. 5. 8 To takeoff my personal protective equipment Berglas allocate more from by pulling thecough distensible inside out I would then pour the second laugh while still holding the firstso the two gloves of folded together inside out again dispose of them in the correct wastedisposal container and wash my hands. The key principles of good personal hygiene from me is to ensure that I wash shower everyday and where clean uniform for work my fingernails I always ensure that they areclean as they can harbour bacteria easy and make sure that they are kept short clean andfree from now polishable false extensions and make sure my hair is regularly washed andit is tied back away from my face and I dont use products such as hairspray as some ofmy clients suffer from asthma away no jewellery to work as this could scratch my client, Itake every opportunity I cant promote and encourage good personal hygiene to the peopleI provide careful angriest people to wash their hands after toileting activities and to washevery day I always offer people the opportunity to bath or shower it is appropriate to their condition. The correct sequence the handwashing is one to whet my hands using warm runningwater and + 2I during the handwashing process and rub my hands vigourously for aminimum of 20 seconds paying particular attention to the back of my hands wrists inbetween my fingers and underneath my fingernails three I rinse well whilst leaving thewater running for when the water continuing to Ron ages I use a single used out and pack my hands dry five I turn off the water using the paper towel covering my clean hands toprevent recontamination. Hand washing activities must be performed regularly to help prevent and control thespread of infection but there are certain times when it is recommended that care workers washer Hans is up for putting on a clean uniform all personal protective equipment beforeany septic procedure after patient contact after removing personal protective equipmentafter going to the toilet before handling food and after finishing work. Attach the products they should be use the handwashing is general handwashing sodisinfectant hand wash surgical scrub solutions and alcohol gel. 6. 6 Maintaining healthy skin is an important step in the prevention and control of infectionhowever constant washing the wearing of gloves can cause the skin to dry out to preventthis moisturising cream should be applied to the hands following routine hand washingprocedures or should not be worn when they are not required for example whencompleting paperwork general skincare should also include insuring any causal gravers are covered within occlusive dressing prior to patient contact. The Principles of Infection Prevention and Control free essay sample Understand roles and responsibilities in the prevention and control of infections 1. explain employees’ roles and responsibilities in relation to the prevention and control of infection 2. explain employers’ responsibilities in relation to the prevention and control infection. Outcome 2 Understand legislation and policies relating to prevention and control of infections 1. outline current legislation and regulatory body standards which are relevant to the prevention and control of infection . describe local and organisational policies relevant to the prevention and control of infection. Outcome 3 Understand systems and procedures relating to the prevention and control of infections 1. describe procedures and systems relevant to the prevention and control of infection 2. explain the potential impact of an outbreak of infection on the individual and the organisation. Outcome 4 Understand the importance of risk assessment in relation to the prevention and control of infections 1. define the term risk 2. utline potential risks of infection within the workplace 3. describe the process of carrying out a risk assessment 4. We will write a custom essay sample on The Principles of Infection Prevention and Control or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page explain the importance of carrying out a risk assessment. Outcome 5 Understand the importance of using Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) in the prevention and control of infections 2. describe different types of PPE 3. explain the reasons for use of PPE 4. state current relevant regulations and legislation relating to PPE 5. describe employees’ responsibilities regarding the use of PPE 6. describe employers’ responsibilities regarding the use of PPE

Confucianism And Japanese Growth Essays - East Asian Culture

Confucianism And Japanese Growth Essays - East Asian Culture Confucianism and Japanese Growth Many factors helped aid in the dynamic growth that occurred in Japan and the four little dragons during the post-World War 2 period. Some of these factors were situational factors unique to the time but some of the factors were cultural. The legacy of Confucianism in Japan and the four little dragons helped to further the goals of industrialization that these nations had. The traditions of Confucianism provided for Japan and the four little dragons both a pliant public and a model for choosing competent leaders. Confucian traditions placed an emphasis on the values of the group over the individual. This helped industrialism by creating a pliant populace who were willing to accept long hours and low wages and not question government policies. The traditions of Confucianism taught workers not to question authority. These traditions carried over into the post war period and allowed authoritarian regimes in the four little dragons to go unquestioned by the public. This lack of dissent allowed the four little dragons to have stable governments which were critical to investment and industrialization. The stability of these nations was a direct result of Confucian values being indoctrinated into the population. Confucian placement of the group over the individual and strong belief in filial piety also caused families and local communities to accept social responsibility for members of their community. This safety net that was provided by communities and families allowed the government to limit it's spending on social welfare programs and thus channel more funds into infrastructure and industry. Confucianism also placed an emphasis on self-cultivation which has helped East Asian Countries to have a skilled and ambitious work force. The tradition of self-cultivation like the work ethic that Max Weber credited Proteeztism of producing lead people to strive to acquire new skills, speak foreign languages, and in the offices and businesses of Japan, drive workers to strive with in their firms to improve group performance. Confucian traditions also placed emphasis on the creation of a meritocratic elite and the use of entrance exams. These traditions were in place before World War 2 in the East Asian countries but they helped aid in the carrying out of the industrial policies of the post-war government of Japan and the little Dragons. The traditional system of a meritocratic elite was adopted in the post war years in the form of meritocraticly chosen bureaucracy that made and carried out many government policies. This elite was free from many of the strains of politics and thus was able to carry out policies that democratically elected leaders might not be able to pursue do to the changing feelings of the electorate. Also these bureaucrats because they were meritocraticly chosen were the most able members of society and thus very skilled at handling industrial policies. The system of entrance exams in Asia countries helped to create skilled and proficient workers for industry. The entrance exams were able to target the most able young people and channel them into higher learning, and the entrance exam system was also able to create intense competition among young people spurring students to both acquire knowledge and disciplined work habits. These disciplined and knowledgeable workers were critical in providing the workers that made East Asian Industries successful. Confucian traditions were not the sole cause of industrialization in Japan and the four little dragons. An analysis of other Asian nations such as Thailand, China, Vietnam, Burma, and Laos show that many nations with the same shared history of a Confucian values have not yet industrialized. Confucianism along with other circumezces such as situational factors, timing, domestic industrial policy and luck played key roles in allowing Japan and the four little dragons to industrialize. Some of the situational factors were the presence of U.S. aid and leadership which gave many nations such as Japan a jump start on industrialism, the feeling of urgency among countries such as Taiwan and South Korea who felt that if they were not able to build up their economies they would be over ridden by the communists, the presence of the Japanese model of industrialization which aided Taiwan and South Korea in what types of economic policies to follow. But these factors alone also do not account

A relevant furniture piece or other interior design element in the Assignment

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Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 20

Accounting - Essay Example I can still remember one time when my family and I had an impending ethical decision to make. The memory is still so vivid in my mind because if felt just like yesterday. My father had handed in his resignation at work because he had found a higher paying job. On his last day of work, my mother, my siblings, and I all went into attend his farewell party. He was working as a security guard there and, as such, he was in charge of locking the place up each night. Once everyone had already left, my father had to lock the place up. It was also the case that he also knew the key combination to the safe. Since he was the last one to leave, and he was never coming back to this job, he could legitimately get away with stealing money from the safe. We discussed amongst ourselves whether anyone would notice if some of the money went missing. My brother argued that we wouldn’t be doing anything wrong because the business was already involved in illegal business practices anyway. However, I spoke up and said that if we did this, it would stain my father’s reputation. He had built up a good work rapport over the years and it would be a shame to see this all go to waste over an insignificant sum of cash. I learnt from this experience that making unethical decisions do not pay off in the long run. As I have been growing up, I have made sure to think with an ethical mindset in every situation. In the business world, my personal ethics will thrive because I always think about all the people that may be affected by my decisions. My ethical upbringing has encouraged me to always seek the truth. This may mean being a whistleblower and calling out a fellow employee, but this is something that I feel strongly about. In my future business career, I will make it clear at the interview stage that I am unwilling to perform any action that would be considered unethical. They can be a grey area when it comes to ethical decisions. However, for me, there are no grey areas; if I have to

Choose either 100 best poems for Children or Peter Pan Essay

Choose either 100 best poems for Children or Peter Pan - Essay Example Peter Pan; or the Boy who Wouldn’t Grow Up, when first staged in 1904, was received with almost unanimous enthusiasm. The critics though appreciative were ‘a little cautious and puzzled’ (Watson, 2009, p. 143); and not surprisingly so. Peter Pan was no ordinary children’s tale. With its queer mixture of childlike fantasy and very adult dark humour, even the first, spectacular viewing of the play must have hinted at the layers of subliminal messages it contained. Peter Pan evidently deserved further penetration. The Peter Pan myth, as indeed it grew to become, has been interpreted with various perspectives. The Spectacle used in the play, the psychological character of Peter and Wendy’s relationship, the biographical link to Barrie’s own experiences with the Llewellyn Davies boys – have all been scrutinised and commented upon. But the most prominent observation the play seems to make, and Barrie through it, is on the divide separating ch ildren and grown-ups. What does Peter Pan say about childhood and adulthood? Or to divide it further, on girlhood and boyhood? Does this commentary hold ground a hundred years after its inception? In what ways have its interpretations changed? Children are known (and often rebuked) for asking too many questions: what better way to begin such an exploration than to try and answer these? Barrie’s treatment of adult males in his play might be a good place to begin. Neither of the two significant men characters, Mr. Darling and Captain Hook, is portrayed charitably. Mr. Darling has the trappings of a characteristic patriarchal head, but that is all. He holds no real authority, either at the workplace ‘where he sits on a stool all day, as fixed as a postage stamp’ (Barrie, 2008 [1904], Act I) or at home; as is evident in the scene about the medicine between him and Michael in Act I. Without being too simplistic, one can sum up Mr. Darling as a fussy man, too anxious about social propriety and not

Analysis Of The Air India Airline Tourism Essay

Analysis Of The Air India Airline Tourism Essay It was founded by  J. R. D. Tata  in July 1932 as  Tata Airlines, a division of Tata Sons Ltd. On 15 October 1932, J. R. D. Tata flew a single-engine  De Havilland Puss Moth  carrying air mail (postal mail of  Imperial Airways) from  Karachis Drigh Road Aerodrome to  Bombays  Juhu Airstrip  via  Ahmedabad. Air India serves 11 domestic destinations and 18 international destinations in 11 countries across  Asia,  Europe  and  North America. Air India has two subsidiaries and two affiliated carries. Together Air India,  Air India Cargo,  Air India Express,  Indian  and  Air India Regional  form the  National Aviation Company of India Limited. Air India Cargo It was started in 1954. The airline operates cargo flights to many destinations. The airline also has on ground truck-transportation arrangements on select destinations. As a part of the IATA carriers Air India carries all types of cargo including dangerous goods and live animals. Air India Express Air India Express  is the low-cost  subsidiary of the airline which was established in 2005 during the aviation boom in India. It operates primarily to the  Persian Gulf  and  South East Asia through scheduled passenger services   Indian Indian  which is based in  Delhi  focuses primarily on domestic routes, along with several international services to neighbouring countries in Asia. Air India Regional Air India Regional or better known as Alliance Air serves mainly on Regional routes. Its main hub is  Delhis  Indira Gandhi International Airport. Tangible Assets Fleet and Material Resources Air India is gradually expanding its fleet. In the recent times seventeen new aircraft eight B777-200LRs and nine B777-300ERs have so far joined the fleet and apart from this 15 Airbus A-321s and 16 A-319s have also joined for Indian operations.  Air India now operates 28 weekly services on the international network to three destinations in the  Ã‚  USA New York, Newark and Chicago including a daily NonStop flight between Mumbai-New York and Delhi-New York following the induction of brand new Boeing 777-200LR in its fleet. With a fleet of 136 aircraft, Air India has been gradually expanding its network to cover new destinations in India and abroad. Given below are the details of the Air India Fleet: Network Air India currently operates international flights from Mumbai and 16 other Indian cities, viz. Ahmedabad, Amritsar, Bangalore, Chennai, Delhi, Goa, Hyderabad, Kochi, Kolkata, Kozhikode, Lucknow, Jaipur, Varanasi, Tiruchirapalli, Gaya and Thiruvananthapuram. Commencement of international operations from these cities has obviated the need for passengers from these regions to necessarily travel to Mumbai and Delhi, the traditional gateways, for taking international flights. Passengers boarding or deplaning in these cities can now complete their immigration and custom formalities at their city airport, both at the time of departure and arrival.   Additionally, Air India has code-sharing arrangements with other international carriers. International Hub: After taking the path of consolidation during the past one year, the airline has taken a major initiative towards strengthening its global network and has restructured its operations to Europe and USA by making Frankfurt its operational hub for West-bound flights.   Indian Hub: The Indian Hub resides at Delhi Mumbai Airports which houses facilities for connections to all major Indian cities. On the domestic front AI operates to 64 stations out of which 17 are connected to our international destinations. The 172-seater Airbus A321 aircraft connects all major metros, including all flights on the Delhi-Mumbai sector. Spacious cabin, comfortable seats and the luxury of in-flight entertainment make this a superior product that travellers look forward to. Star Alliance There has been a quantum jump in product profile resulting from induction of new aircraft and consequent expansion of network, Air India will be all set to join the Star Alliance by March, 2011. Once Air India becomes a member, passengers will enjoy enormous benefits, including seamless transfers while travelling across the world, more frequent flyer mileage points, code-sharing leading to a wider choice of flights and access to lounge facilities worldwide. Star Alliance, is a leading global airline alliance of 21 top international carriers. The Star Alliance network offers more than 17,000 daily flights to 916 destinations. Human Resources Air India has more Human Resources than it needs which is evident in the numbers employed. In 2009, 17% of the airlines expenditure went towards salaries which is enormous comparing it with private carriers for whom it was 9.5%. The merger didnt involve any retrenchment. Nor do any of the current recovery measures being discussed hold any ideas of reducing employee strength by huge numbers. Air India has 31,000 employees and 14 recognized worker unions apart from which there are several unrecognized ones. While the unions say they are open to being supportive for the development of a better future for the airline, they do not support privatization of the airline or retrenchment Apart from retrenchment, employees are also worried about the new structure adopted by the airline which they believe will work against their interests. This structure is the so-called SBU structure, one where a large organization is broken up into smaller units, each of which is run like an independent company in principle. In Air Indias case, the problem as discussed by some senior editors officials is that the strategic business unit structure isnt perfect. Under this structure, a Delhi airport manager reports to his strategic business unit head, while his performance will actually be reviewed by the executive director of the northern region. Adding to this the decision on rewarding this airport manager with a foreign posting is in the hands of the commercial director, who is based in Mumbai. The officials recommend is that this entire structure be done away with and a more equitable and just system is brought into place which assures long term sustainability of the organization. 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SITAs Horizon platform provides hosted PSS services to 140 airlines boarding 120 million passengers and will be used to deliver a single airline code which is extremely critcial in order to allow the seamless integration of the former domestic carrier Indian Airlines with Air India for the first time since they merged in August 2007. Another early deliverable will be enabling Air India to meet the requirements for joining the Star Alliance. SITA association with Air India with mission-critical services has been for more than 50 years, including network connectivity at all their domestic and international stations, check-in, air-to-ground communications, fares management and baggage tracing. Air India is now invited to join SITAs Horizon Advisory Board which sets the strategic direction for SITA as it engages with Oracle and other partners to deliver a next generation Passenger Services System which will greatly benefit Air India as it exploits new technology and open systems architecture. SITAs workforce in India along with its local partners NIIT and Mindtree now stands at almost 1,000 highly skilled personnel. Low Cost Resources: Livery Air India and  Indian  unveiled their new livery in May 2007. The logo of the new entity is a Flying Swan with the Konark Chakra placed inside it. The Flying Swan has been morphed from Air Indias old characteristic logo, The Centaur whereas the new Konark Chakra is reminiscent of Indians logo. While the aircraft is a new ivory in colour, the base retains the red streak of Air India. Running parallel to each other is the characteristically evident Orange and Red speed lines from front door to the rear door, subtly signifying the individual identities merged into one. The brand name Air India runs across the tail of the aircraft in  hindi signifying the importance of the National language. The Maharaja This Maharja which is now familiar figure first made his appearance in Air India way back in 1946. Bobby Kooka as Air Indias Commercial Director and Umesh Rao, an artist with J.Walter Thompson Ltd., Mumbai, together created the Maharajah. It began as an attempt as a design for an inflight memo pad grew to take Air Indias sales and promotional messages to millions of travellers across the world. Today, this iconic Maharajah of Air India has become a world figure. The logo has completed 56 years and become the most recognizable mascot the world over. The various ads depicting his antics, expressions, puns have allowed Air India to promote its services with a unique panache and an unmatched sense of subtle humour. In fact the Maharaja has won numerous national and international awards for Air India for humour, sense and originality in publicity. Dining Air India is constantly trying to create a gourmet experience in its dining. The airline offers a choice of menus to interest all types of tastes Indian and Continental. Apart from these, there is western cuisine, a choice of Asian specialities, and even Japanese meals on the India-Japan route. If any passenger has a special food requirement, there is a choice to choose from any of the twenty three special meals. The menus are constantly revamped and the wines carried on board live up to the food they complement. Meals are served in First Class seating to passengers in bone china crockery. Alcoholic beverages are served complimentary.   In-flight Entertainment Air India aircraft are the envy of any radio station with a rich collection of music on board in different genres. Passengers can choose from Indian popular music, Indian Classical, beautiful Ghazals, Bollywood hits and English songs from Western Classical, Pop, Jazz, Country and Nostalgia. A special channel for Regional songs with different routes and demographics has been compiled to suit all passengers coming from different regions. Air Indias video programmes include a choice of the most recent English and Hindi feature films. The finest in comedy, nature wildlife, adventure, action and life style are wrapped in a One-hour video magazine. There are special movies in Tamil, Malayalam, etc selected for passengers travelling from Kochi, Kozhikode and Chennai to the Gulf and Singapore.  Ã‚   On Ground Facilities: Lounges, etc   Air India has its own exclusive lounges at Delhi, London, Hong Kong and New York in addition to the one in Mumbai. At other international airports, Air India has tie-ups with other international airlines or local Airports Authorities for lounge facility.  Ã‚  Ã‚  There is a lounge for unaccompanied minors as well.   Online Booking, Web Check-in, etc The quick, easy and convenient way to book AI tickets online through the Air India website. An e ticket will be generated and the details with the e ticket link will be emailed to the passenger.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Air India has extensive facilities for Web check in and Tele check in for its passengers to provide ease of facilities.

Dialects in American Literature Essay -- essays research papers

Dialects in American Literature In the late 19th and early 20th centuries dialect was not common in American Literature. Writers who attempted to accurately capture American dialect and slang often failed to make it believable. In my essay, â€Å"Dialects in American Literature,† I will compare and contrast three writers who used dialect in their writings and explain the difference between effective and ineffective use of dialect. The writers I will be discussing are Mark Twain, Bret Harte, and William Dean Howells. The use of dialect in American literature comes from using a combination of realism and regionalism. According to dictionary.com â€Å"realism is an inclination toward literal truth and pragmatism and regionalism is the use of regional characteristics, as of locale, custom, or speech, in literature or art.† Regionalism includes local language, which is often expressed by using dialect. Three examples of accurately capturing regionalism are: Bret Harte’s â€Å"The Outcasts of Poker Flat† (1869), Mark Twain’s â€Å"Adventures of Huckleberry Finn† (1884-1885), and William Dean Howells â€Å"A Hazard of New Fortunes† (1890). The Biography of Bret Harte states that he was born in Albany New York on August 25, 1839. In 1854, his mother, a widow, moved him to California. In California Harte worked as a miner, school teacher, express messenger, printer, and journalist. While Harte was in San Francisco writing for â€Å"The Californian† he worked with Mark Twain, Charles Warren Stoddard, Prentice Mulford and the editor, Henry Webb. He contributed many poems and prose pieces to the paper. Bret Harte was appointed Secretary of the United States Branch Mint at San Francisco in 1864. He held that office until 1870. Harte then became the first editor of the â€Å"Overland Monthly.† "The Luck of Roaring Camp" published in the â€Å"Overland Monthly† brought him instant and wide fame. He was thereafter requested to contribute poems and articles to a number of publications. His stories of the American West were much in demand in the eastern United States. In 1871 he moved to New Yo rk. He later moved to Boston. â€Å"The Outcasts of Poker Flat† was first published in an issue of the Overland Monthly magazine in January, 1869. Bret Harte was also the editor of Overland Monthly ... ... â€Å"Harte’s influence on the writings of Mark Twain,† Twentieth-Century Literary Criticism 25 (1964): 209. Harte Bret. â€Å"Outcasts of Poker flat.† Page by Page books 25 Nov 2004 Lewis Andrew G. â€Å"Biography of Samuel Clemens alias Mark Twain.† Biography of Mark Twain 22 Nov. 2004 McMurray William. A Hazard of New fortunes,† Twentieth-Century Literary Criticism 7 (1967): 390. McMichael George, Leonard James S, Lyne Bill, Mallon Anne-Marie, Mitchell Verner D. Anthology of American Literature. Volume II ed 8. New Jersey: Person Education, 2004 O’Brien Edward J. â€Å"The Advance of the American Short Story.† Short Story Criticism 8 (1923): 230-231. Reuben Paul P. "Biography of Francis Bret Harte.† The History of San Francisco. 24 Nov. 2004 Wall Rachel G. â€Å"Dialect and Subtle Characterization in William Dean Howells A Hazard of New Fortunes,† Issues in Languages and Linguistics 24 Nov. 2004 Dialects in American Literature Essay -- essays research papers Dialects in American Literature In the late 19th and early 20th centuries dialect was not common in American Literature. Writers who attempted to accurately capture American dialect and slang often failed to make it believable. In my essay, â€Å"Dialects in American Literature,† I will compare and contrast three writers who used dialect in their writings and explain the difference between effective and ineffective use of dialect. The writers I will be discussing are Mark Twain, Bret Harte, and William Dean Howells. The use of dialect in American literature comes from using a combination of realism and regionalism. According to dictionary.com â€Å"realism is an inclination toward literal truth and pragmatism and regionalism is the use of regional characteristics, as of locale, custom, or speech, in literature or art.† Regionalism includes local language, which is often expressed by using dialect. Three examples of accurately capturing regionalism are: Bret Harte’s â€Å"The Outcasts of Poker Flat† (1869), Mark Twain’s â€Å"Adventures of Huckleberry Finn† (1884-1885), and William Dean Howells â€Å"A Hazard of New Fortunes† (1890). The Biography of Bret Harte states that he was born in Albany New York on August 25, 1839. In 1854, his mother, a widow, moved him to California. In California Harte worked as a miner, school teacher, express messenger, printer, and journalist. While Harte was in San Francisco writing for â€Å"The Californian† he worked with Mark Twain, Charles Warren Stoddard, Prentice Mulford and the editor, Henry Webb. He contributed many poems and prose pieces to the paper. Bret Harte was appointed Secretary of the United States Branch Mint at San Francisco in 1864. He held that office until 1870. Harte then became the first editor of the â€Å"Overland Monthly.† "The Luck of Roaring Camp" published in the â€Å"Overland Monthly† brought him instant and wide fame. He was thereafter requested to contribute poems and articles to a number of publications. His stories of the American West were much in demand in the eastern United States. In 1871 he moved to New Yo rk. He later moved to Boston. â€Å"The Outcasts of Poker Flat† was first published in an issue of the Overland Monthly magazine in January, 1869. Bret Harte was also the editor of Overland Monthly ... ... â€Å"Harte’s influence on the writings of Mark Twain,† Twentieth-Century Literary Criticism 25 (1964): 209. Harte Bret. â€Å"Outcasts of Poker flat.† Page by Page books 25 Nov 2004 Lewis Andrew G. â€Å"Biography of Samuel Clemens alias Mark Twain.† Biography of Mark Twain 22 Nov. 2004 McMurray William. A Hazard of New fortunes,† Twentieth-Century Literary Criticism 7 (1967): 390. McMichael George, Leonard James S, Lyne Bill, Mallon Anne-Marie, Mitchell Verner D. Anthology of American Literature. Volume II ed 8. New Jersey: Person Education, 2004 O’Brien Edward J. â€Å"The Advance of the American Short Story.† Short Story Criticism 8 (1923): 230-231. Reuben Paul P. "Biography of Francis Bret Harte.† The History of San Francisco. 24 Nov. 2004 Wall Rachel G. â€Å"Dialect and Subtle Characterization in William Dean Howells A Hazard of New Fortunes,† Issues in Languages and Linguistics 24 Nov. 2004