Stanford Prison Experiment essays

Stanford Prison Experiment essays The Stanford Prison Experiment demonstrates how different people become the roles they play. The students chosen to participate in the experiment are tested strenuously in order to determine their adequacy to perform under conditions similar to those present in prisons. They are considered normal, in terms usually associated with students. Through behaving in their roles, the reactions of others and having their alternatives blocked, the students were transformed into guards and prisoners and their previous roles as students are hidden. Behaving in a role assists a person in becoming an actual holder of that role. From the beginning, the students who are designated to be prisoners are treated as criminals. They are picked up by the police and taken to the police station. Once there, they are finger printed and transported to the location of the Stanford Prison Experiment as prisoners. The students are stripped, searched, given a number and stripped of their identity. The prisoners are made to do push-ups and other demeaning activities that make them behave in their role. On the other hand, the guards are told to keep the jail in order. Although no physical violence is used by the student guards, they certainly behave like guard in other aspects. For example, they lock prisoners in the hole and take food and beds away. By behaving in their roles, the guards and prisoners become the role they play. The reactions of others push the students to become the roles they play. The reaction of the prisoners to the guards turns negative. They start feeling hate towards their captors, while the feelings are reciprocated by the guards. The prisoners are constantly mentally harassed. When the priest is invited to the jail, he acts as if he is visiting a regular jail. Instead of talking religiously, he questions the prisoners about why they have not tried to obtain the services of a lawy...

Ancient Roman Calendar Terminology

Ancient Roman Calendar Terminology The Ides Can Be on the 15th You may know that the Ides of March the day on which Julius Caesar was assassinated was the 15th of March, but that doesnt mean the Ides of a month was necessarily on the 15th. The Roman calendar was originally based on the first three phases of the moon, with days counted, not according to a concept of a week, but backward from lunar phases. The new moon was the day of the Kalends, the moons first quarter was the day of the Nones, and the Ides fell on the day of the full moon. The Kalends section of the month was the longest, since it spanned two lunar phases, from the full to the new moon. To see it another way: Kalends New Moon (no moon to be seen)Nones 1st quarter moonIdes Full Moon (whole moon visible in the night sky) When the Romans fixed the length of the months, they also fixed the date of the Ides. In March, May, July, and October, which were (most of them) months with 31 days, the Ides was on the 15th. On other months, it was the 13th. The number of days in the Ides period, from the Nones to the Ides, remained the same, eight days, while the Nones period, from the Kalends to the Nones, might have four or six and the Kalends period, from the Ides to the start of the next month, had from 16-19 days. The days from the Kalends to the Nones of March would have been written: Kal.ante diem VI Non. Mart.ante diem V Non. Mart.ante diem IV Non. Mart.ante diem III Non. Mart.pr. Non. Mart.Nonae The days from the Nones to the Ides of March would have been written: ante diem VIII Id. Mart.ante diem VII Id. Mart.ante diem VI Id. Mart.ante diem V Id. Mart.ante diem IV Id. Mart.ante diem III Id. Mart.pr. Id. Mart.Idus The day before the Nones, Ides or Kalends was called Pridie. Kalends (Kal) fell on the first day of the month. Nones (Non) was the 7th of 31 day months March, May, July, and October, and the 5th of other months. Ides (Id) fell on the 15th of 31 day months March, May, July, and October, and on the 13th of other months. Calendars | Roman Calendars Ides, Nones on the Julian Calendar Month Latin name Kalends Nones Ides January Ianuarius 1 5 13 February Februarius 1 5 13 March Martius 1 7 15 April Aprilis 1 5 13 May Maius 1 7 15 June Iunius 1 5 13 July Iulius 1 7 15 August Augustus 1 5 13 September September 1 5 13 October October 1 7 15 November November 1 5 13 December December 1 5 13 If you find this view confusing, try Julian Dates, which is another table showing the dates of the Julian calendar, but in a different format.

Gender and Sexuality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Gender and Sexuality - Essay Example t concerns of the feminists of the period included the investigation into the true meaning, roots etc of female subordination with an intention to knock over the established concepts. Ion this attempt of the feminists, anthropology seemed to provide the most effective tool as it could tell about the status of women in various societies as well as about why women are subordinated to men in several societies. Anthropology was approached as to attain central materials for awareness about the dynamics of the relation between men and women. On the other hand, there was an attempt by anthropology in finding pertinent understanding about female subordination in feminism and the feminist anthropologists started reassessing anthropology on the basis of feminism. Female subordination has been the major concern for both the feminists in general and the feminist anthropologists in particular. The arguments of the feminist anthropologists on female subordination differed greatly in the mid 1970s. There were feminist anthropologists who felt that in spite of the existence of some democratic societies, all the societies gave prominence to men’s power. While a group of feminist anthropologists regarded that female subordination was not common, a strong argument was in support of the view that female subordination was universal and every society is male dominated. Michello Rosaldo and Sherry Ortner, two important feminist anthropologists of structuralist-anthropologist school, regarded female subordination as universal and the endeavoured to explicate the sources of this female subordination. â€Å"But they were very eager to make it clear that, to them; universal did not mean ‘unavoidable’ ‘compulsory’ ‘unchangeable’ or ‘natural’. In particular, they wanted to separate the concept of universality from the concept of ‘biology’. As feminists, they were eager to find ways to overturn female subordination.â⠂¬  (Anthropology of Gender, 2006, P.12). In this paper a

Social Security Assignment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Social Security Assignment - Research Paper Example The ongoing program is deemed to be insolvent by 2037 if no further additions are made to it. The problem with today’s ongoing plan is that it requires a great deal of money. As per the Washington Post report, with the passage of time the federal government will have to find additional money to cater to the needs of this plan. The present situation makes the United States unable to mobilize such a great amount by itself. So naturally, the government will be compelled either to borrowing or to raising the taxes because by the year 2027 the annual deficits of the US will have reached $200 million and by 2033, $300 million (â€Å"Whitehouse Social Security†). Even if the authorities raise the taxes to meet the expenses of the current plan, it will not be a suitable measure in the future as the costs also get increased and this will be greater than the revenue received from tax collection. In this regard, the present system of social security does not seem to be a permanent program. As Elrod reports in Senior Citizen Journal, by privatizing social security, the government puts the retirement money in the hands of the workers to invest in private retirement accounts. As a portion of their salary is retained through pay roll tax; and for this purpose it does not inflict any burden on the common people in the form of additional tax. According to Elrod, this is useful to the workers as they get a lump sum amount after retirement, and it can be invested to greater opportunities such as share market. People will have control over their personal accounts. As per the new plan, there will be no change for the existing system for people who were born before 1950. According to the new plan, employees have the opportunity to contribute towards a fund likewise thrift saving. Here the amount to be contributed by each person is decreased as he or she gets closer to the retiring age. The participants will not be allowed to access their personal accounts before they g et retired. The new plan seems to be odd when it comes to the wealth and income distribution. As for the high earning class, the new proposal is not a problem. In the US, the majority of wealth is concentrated in the hands of a few people. Majority of rich people do not receive any income from working to constitute their wealth; on the other hand, they have it from the property they own. As Domhoff points out, the upper class own 34.4% of the privately held wealth; the middle class including professionals, the managerial and small scale industrialists hold 50.5% of wealth, and at last the common people comprising the peasants, daily wagers, and salary workers own only 15% of wealth. It definitely shows that the 20% of the total population enjoys 85% of the total wealth of the nation. As the above argument maintains, the majority of the rich are not working under the public sector, social security is not a matter of concern for them. It is the lower middle class that earn income from working who need any further social security. If the working lower class is asked to set aside a portion of their monthly earning to contribute to the social security fund, it affects their living as they will find it difficult to meet the both ends. So, this new plan is going to affect none other than the lower and middle level working class. Providing social security to its subjects is the responsibility of the government. Government has to perform this function without exerting any extra burden on the

Problems Caused By Air Pollution Essay -- essays research papers

Problems Caused By Air Pollution Some people think that air pollution is not harming the earth or the people, but it is doing worse, by killing the earth and getting people sick. "Air pollutants," according to Gay, "are known to cause respiratory diseases, cancer, and other serious illnesses" (12). Air pollution not only threatens the health and life of humans but also causes damage to the environment (Gay 13). First, air pollution causes a great deal of health problems. Wanting clean air is a good reason because air that is polluted can damage human health (Edelson 25). In the United States many health problems have occurred because of air pollution. According to Sproull, "For more than a decade, local residents in the tri-state valley bounded by Kentucky, Ohio, and West Virginia have claimed to suffer from health problems, including rashes, respiratory problems and even cancers" (D4). In 1948, in the industrial town of Donora, Pennsylvania, which sits in a valley, had twenty deaths, and nearly 6,000 residents, or 40% of the population, suffered respiratory problems (Edelson 25, 26). New York experienced several killer smogs, which in a later analysis attributed, from the usually severe pollution, 58 deaths (Edelson 26). Not only in the United States are health problems caused by air pollution showing up, but they are also showing up in other parts of the world, like Europe. In 1930, in Belgium's Meuse River valley, a major industrial region, where the primary fuel was coal reported sixty deaths, and about 6,000 residents of the valley became ill with breathing problems and respiratory infections (Edelson 25). In December 1952, the toll was huge in London from the infamous smog, which caused up to 4,000 deaths, when levels of sulfur oxides and particulates rose above normal (Edelson 26). Air pollution also increased deaths from chronic lung disease in the United States. "Although statistics on the physical effects of air pollution are not easily calculated," according to Edelson, "an alarming related statistic is that between 1970 and 1986, deaths in the United States from chronic lung disease rose 36%" (35). Air pollution has cost a great deal of money on health care in the United States. In terms of health care and lost productivity, the costs ... ... that do not harm the air, water, or land (Gay 121). Even though a large majority of Americans refuse to buy products or pay for services that contribute to environmental problems, people should still get involved (Gay 121). In order to save energy to save the earth, people should do the following: - When the lights are not in use, turn them off. - Instead of normal light bulbs, use compact fluorescent light bulbs. - On a short trip, walk or ride a bike. - Whenever possible, use public transportation. - To conserve heat or air conditioning, close off unused rooms. - To save fuel, adjust thermostat a few degrees lower for heating and higher for cooling. - For better efficiency, clean furnace and air condition filters. - Only when full, run the dishwasher, washer, and dryer. (Gay 115) There is no excuse, for not becoming involved to stop air pollution. Many scientists predict that the temperature of the earth will rise because of global warming (Edelson 87). Some scientists already believe that the earth is already warming (Edelson 87). If people do not become involved the earth will not be suitable enough to live on in the future, and there might not be anybody left for the future.

NMCI Project Assessment

The following is my assessment of the project:That when developing the project care was never taken to read carefully the set objectives and whether or not they were being met. As a result only two of them were met which indicated there was a need to overhaul the system. None the less expansion continued as if nothing was wrong.Modern development tools like prototyping were never used properly. System users were never involved in the development as the project was only handled by the experts. As a result serious mistakes were never detected let alone being solved in time. The size of the project needed the use of modern networking hardware, fast enough to cope with the heavy traffic created by the over 650,000 users. Instead of replacing the obsolete old hardware with the new ones the project continued to build on them which created more disaster.The monitoring process was never put into use as the Navy personnel who appeared to have vested interest in the project kept on defending i t rather than bringing correcting and useful comments during the development process. They only focused on being able to provide some service whether that service was reliable or dependable was never the issue was never an issue. The Navy system is normally classified as critical and needs special methods   to minimize and tolerate some faults during its development. Such methods were never used. For example reliability, safety and security assessments were never done. Performance tests were never carried even though it was clearly known such tests were mandatory. The programming languages used were never compatible with modern   distributed operating systems. There was need to use Object Oriented Systems to enhance later modification compatibilityTHE AFI NEW SYSTEM PROPOSALIntroductionPurpose of the DocumentThis document is prepared for use by the following people and for the following purposes:User Name Why need the Document System Customers Check if needs are met and specify any changes that may be required Managers/ Officers To plan for the system bid and its development System Engineers To Know and be guided on what system to develop System test engineers To develop validation tests System Maintenance Engineers To understand the system parts and its totality Scope of the ProductThis system is meant to be used by the current air force staff and it will take into account their current number and the projected number in the year 2030..It will use the most current network technology including their topologies, transmission media, and distributed operating system architecture.System OverviewWhy use networksTo allow for efficient sharing and use of computer resourcesTo facilitate efficient dissemination of messages, notices to air force staffTo provide connectivity to other armed forces and air force personnel in USTo research and read widely about events taking place in US, and outside world. In particular those that are a threat to the USTo perform trade and other commercial activitiesThe connectivity and expected workloadEthernet products will be used due to its simplicity and widespread useFiber optics cables will provide major connectivityWireless hone technology will be usedExpected Achievements and FailuresAll the cited failures in the NMCI project will be avoided, specifically:The integrated system life cycle will be used which is proper fact finding, system design, system implementation through prototyping, system integration and testing; system parallel operation, evaluation and maintenance.User involvement at all levels of system developmentUser training through in house training programs; seminars and workshop attendanceSystem ConstraintsThe major constraint will be lack of awareness on the part of users . Computer technology is changing very rapidly and the organization will be properly informed and well prepared to accept such changes as inevitable.Methods and ProceduresNetwork Models UsedSystem Anticipated EvolutionsRec ommendationsConclusionsReferences:Internet as given from NMCI system namely:http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d0751.pdf http://www.govexec.com/dailyfed/1206/120806ts1.htm http://www.eds.com/news/news.asp?news_id=2905 Ian Summerville : Software Engineering

Critically evaluate the extent to which prisoners with learning disabilities are discriminated against in the criminal justice system( prison.) Free Essay Example, 3250 words

below the age of 18 years) are examined to be suffering from mental illness in terms of communication difficulties which are often attributed as a cause of learning disabilities. Similarly, almost 70% of the adult offenders are observed as facing problems due to learning disabilities which are recorded to be either a lifetime syndrome, or caused owing to alcohol and/or drug abuse (Talbot, 2012). According to UNODC (2009), â€Å"persons with disabilities include those who have long-term physical, mental, intellectual or sensory impairments, which in interaction with various barriers may hinder their full and effective participation in society on an equal basis with others† (pp. 43). Certainly, the qualities and uniqueness possessed by people with certain disabilities tend to present a significant challenge to the judiciary when dealing with legal issues where either the prisoner or the victim is examined to suffer from disabilities. According to Maguire & et. al. (2012), irrespective of the fact that offenders are suffering from any kind of disability or not they should be primarily considered as offenders or criminals, who are convicted for performing illegal acts. We will write a custom essay sample on Critically evaluate the extent to which prisoners with learning disabilities are discriminated against in the criminal justice system( prison.) or any topic specifica lly for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Thus, the consideration that the offender is suffering from learning disability should be a sole concern of ‘individual resolution’. Influenced by this particular phenomenon, the viewpoints often considered by various jurisdictions differ when treating prisoners with learning disabilities. Contextually, Maguire & et. al. (2012) argues that greater attention towards such psychological aspects is quite likely to lead to lacunas in the demanded appropriateness in the justice rendered. However, witnessing the jurisdiction practices in the practical scenario, criminology experts were able to observe a certain degree of confusion or rather ambiguity persisting among the concerned judiciaries when interpreting and implementing the policy measures for criminals with special needs (Stout & et. al. , 2008). Not only during the jurisdiction of the offenders with learning disabilities, but certain degree of challenges are also witnessed when treating the offenders in prison. As per the study of Talbot (2008), around 20% to 30% of the entire population in prison are examined to suffer from learning disabilities. The offenders are hereby observed to possess different types of learning disorders which are majorly categorised as Intelligence Quotient (IQ) related problems or as dyslexia. A similar picture was also observed in the context of Irish prison where around 28.8% of the entire population in prison were observed to suffer from learning disabilities (Murphy & et.